NAD+
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NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme essential to every living cell. It is a central mediator of energy metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and cellular signaling, with declining levels strongly correlated with aging.
Research Profile
NAD+ is a dinucleotide consisting of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups — one containing an adenine nucleobase and the other containing nicotinamide. It functions as a critical electron carrier in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Complex I) and serves as an essential substrate for three major enzyme families: sirtuins (SIRT1-7, which regulate gene expression and longevity), PARPs (which mediate DNA repair), and CD38/CD157 (which regulate calcium signaling and immune function). NAD+ levels decline significantly with age, and this decline has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and metabolic disease. Research into NAD+ replenishment through direct supplementation and precursors (NMN, NR) is one of the most active areas in longevity science.
Technical Details
- Chemical Formula
- C21H27N7O14P2
- Synonyms
- NAD+, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Coenzyme I
- Molecular Weight
- 663.43 g/mol
- CAS Number
- 53-84-9
- PubChem ID
- 5893
- Appearance
- Lyophilized White/Yellow Powder
- Purity
- >98% (Enzymatic Assay)
- Shelf Life
- 24 months (Store at -20°C)